In Southern Africa, brood parasites include cuckoos, cuckoo finches, indigobirds, honeyguides and whydahs, and they can be divided into two groups: host specific and generalists, who target specific or multiple species respectively.
Some of these parasites have developed intricate deceptive capabilities, like egg mimicry, to fool hosts into raising their young.
Hosts, however, do not always take this trickery lying down, and in response have