HARD LINES,c1886
During the 19th century, in institutions such as the allboys Essex Market School on Manhattan's Lower East Side, shown here, pupils were crammed into tightly packed pews. Danish-born social reformer Jacob Riis took this photograph of attentive students. According to him, these children attended lessons in conditions more squalid than those in a neighbouring prison.
DID YOU KNOW? AZTEC SCHOLARS
Unusually for societies of the early modern era, – a school for future leaders and priests – or , where soldiers and artisans trained.
