No, that’s not a portrait of Queen Elizabeth I, although she does look very similar. This fiery red hair, pale skin and haughty expression in fact belong to another of Tudor England’s most prominent women. Elizabeth Cavendish, more commonly known as Bess of Hardwick, who led a remarkable life for a woman in the 16th century, enduring tragedy and hardship with a defiant attitude that would see her become the second richest woman in England after Gloriana herself. But her success was not straightforward and many of her calculated decisions put her at odds with Queen Elizabeth, making her life precarious and, at times, dangerous. However, even before Elizabeth became queen in 1558, Bess was striving to better her life. From as young as 16 she began building her individual wealth and forging connections with the rich and powerful.
From modest beginnings
Bess was born Elizabeth Hardwick sometime between 1521 and 1527 to parents John Hardwick and Elizabeth Leeke. The family estate at the time of Bess’ birth was Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire, a humble manor house that had been the Hardwick family property since the 13th century. Though their estate had lots of land, the family finances were not as healthy as their holdings would suggest and when Bess’ father died in 1528 the situation worsened. Bess only had one brother out of herwidow and the other two thirds was held by the Court.
