Every meeting of dogs usually starts with an introduction that involves a good butt sniff. What data are they gathering with this form of greeting? Indeed, when they leave their scent on something and smell scents left by other dogs, what information are they getting?
Big-brained we humans might be, but we're little-nosed. We're visual creatures, interpreting the world first through sight; dogs are olfactory creatures, seeing that same world as a smell