THE MOST CAPABLE AI MODELS, such as ChatGPT, use massive amounts of computing hardware. To lead in AI, the United States must maintain its leadership position in AI hardware.
The United States has a major advantage in this competition: U.S. companies occupy key chokepoints in the global chip supply chain. The United States and a handful of close allies and partners—Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea, and Taiwan—control access to the most advanced AI hardware. The
