The Mataffin farm on the outskirts of Mbombela in Mpumalanga was one of the first in the area to be transferred back to the original owners in 2003 as part of South Africa's land restitution programme.
The Mdluli clan occupied the land around 1840, when their leader, Matsafeni Mdluli, a Swazi chief, conquered the area. After the Native Land Act was passed in 1913, the clan was removed from the land. Ownership thereafter changed several times before the land was bought by HL Halls & Sons, which is today synonymous with avocado production.
By the time the farm was bought by government and returned to the Mdluli clan, many decades of farming had completely transformed the landscape. Thriving avocado, litchi and pecan nut orchards now covered the land, delivering an export crop with significant value. While the clan rejoiced at their victory in claiming back their ancestral land, the challenges that lay before them were evident.
Tom Mdluli, one of the members of the Mdluli clan, explains: “Initially,
