This Old House

A look at the main types

MOST ACCESSIBLE

AIR-TO-AIR

Air-to-air heat pumps are the most affordable type and easiest to retrofit into a house. While they have been in use for decades in milder climates, new technologies within just the last five years make them a viable option even in the snowbelt. No longer limited to locales with winter lows above 40 degrees F, today’s cold-climate heat pumps can heat a home efficiently when the outdoor temperature dips as low as −15 degrees F.

Here are the main components of an air-to-air heat-pump system:

This liquid has a low boiling point, absorbing heat when it boils, or

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