Most counties have an obscure protocensus in the vaults. These fragile one-offs may cover just a parish, town or street. Sometimes they turn out to be the handiwork of a particularly keen (or nosey) curate, who took it upon himself to survey the households of his congregation. Other not-quitecensuses include militia lists and tax rolls. And just occasionally you may find that the local county record office holds traces of some obscure nationwide survey that hasn't survived elsewhere.
Buckinghamshire has examples of all of the above, including one resource that straddles several categories. Buckinghamshire is the