Indenture characterised by punishment
THE Indian presence in South Africa came through various routes. In the millennium before the Dutch conquest of the Cape in 1652, one theory put forward by Cyril Hromnik points to Dravidian gold miners having settled in Southern Africa.
Their likely port of entry was present-day Maputo traversing Komatipoort, a name derived from Tamil, and travelling beyond into the Karoo.
Much easier to demonstrate are the Indian slaves from Bengal, Surat, the Coromandel and Malabar coasts trafficked by slave-trading Europeans to the Cape since the mid-17th century.
Anna Böeseken, a founder of the Genealogical Society, noted that over 50% of Cape slaves in the 17th and 18thcenturies were Indian.
Nigel Worden refers to Cupido, a
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