Zombies, Bananas and Why There Are No Economists in Heaven: The economics of real life

By Jessica Irvine

Can economics help you lose weight? How does an emissions trading scheme work? Why are bananas so expensive? What really goes on inside the federal budget lock up? How can you spot a zombie bank? Does Australia take too many refugees? Why do boy bands make so much money?

From asylum seekers to bananas, Jessica Irvine's weekly Irvine Index in The Sydney Morning Herald uses fun facts to get to the heart of our biggest political and economic debates. Part economics lesson, part quirky observation on modern life, this collection of easily digestible, bite-sized nuggets of factual goodness will help transform even the most economically illiterate person into an insightful commentator at their next work drinks or weekend barbeque.

'Jessica has a rare ability to communicate complex economic theories in a simple and entertaining way. But I still don't understand her obsession with zombies.' - Ross Gittins, Economics Editor, The Sydney Morning Herald

• Language: English
• Publisher: Fairfax (A&U)
• Release date: Aug 1, 2012
• ISBN: 9781742697772

Book preview

9781742697772txt_0003_002

First published in 2012

Copyright © Jessica Irvine 2012

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act.

Fairfax Books, an imprint of

Allen & Unwin

Sydney, Melbourne, Auckland, London

83 Alexander Street

Crows Nest NSW 2065

Australia

Phone:   [phone]

Email:    [e-mail]

Web:      www.allenandunwin.com

Cataloguing-in-Publication details are available

from the National Library of Australia

www.trove.nla.gov.au

ISBN 978 1 74237 997 5

Internal design by Design by Committee

Set in 10.75/16.5 Electra by Bookhouse, Sydney

Printed and bound in Australia by Griffin Press

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

9781742697772txt_0004_002

For Ashley

CONTENTS

A note on the numbers

INTRODUCTION

Why there are no economists in heaven

CHAPTER 1

Yes, we have no bananas

Counting the cost of Cyclone Yasi

Yes, you are paying too much for bananas

New Zealand: shake, then watch it grow

High heels and bananas versus the Dow Jones

Home brew is downright un-Australian

Should we give a stuff about making stuff?

CHAPTER 2

A few home truths

Doing their Block over housing costs

First home buyers—debt becomes them

Portrait of a nation, squid jiggers and all

Household habits: it’s all in the detail

Home is where the hard work is

Compare the value and close the gender pay gap

CHAPTER 3

Can economics make you skinny?

Doing the sums on weight loss is simple

The sweet tooth of Easter

Australia’s top sport is couch sitting

The skinny on fat taxes

Like cholesterol, inequality cuts both ways

Work? It’s enough to make you sick

CHAPTER 4

The economics of love

A mathematical formula for true love?

Here comes the bride, all dressed in red

Just following the trend, our Kate and Wills

Why economists make miserable Christmas

gift givers

Equality for all couples, straight or gay

CHAPTER 5

Yours irrationally

Like being on a rollercoaster in the dark

Figures debunk the myths of asylum seekers

Rockonomics: the economics of boy bands

Get a grip, for crisis’ sake

CHAPTER 6

A helping hand for the invisible hand

Just who’s running this show anyway?

Markets work but can’t provide fairness

Weasel words pollute clarity of carbon price

A carbon tax that tickles, not cripples

Broadband plan lacks details, but not vision

Australian car industry gets royal treatment

Time for a debate we can all bank on

CHAPTER 7

Bottom lines and other taxing matters

The inside scoop on the budget lock-up

Fix the fiscal roof when it’s sunny

Election porkometer a well-fed beast

Tax breaks add up to a big minus

The taxman’s little ray of sunshine

CHAPTER 8

Political tantrums and tiaras

Politicians storm the small screen

Pitfalls of the celebrity/politician

A sorry state of affairs

Actors who are great foils

Don’t cry for me, Labor leader

CHAPTER 9

Zombies, NINJAs and the GFC

Cod help Iceland, because it’s one crisis after another

European knives are out as budgets sliced and debts diced

American QE2 sets course using familiar charts

Hope lives on for the undead of banking

India: building for the future

China boom about more than dirt

CHAPTER 10

The Aussie economy

Chilean miners: below the surface, we’re the same

The upside of interest rate rises

Managing boom still a challenge

How much does mining really contribute?

One Aussie dollar now serious coin

Acknowledgements

A note on the numbers

What follows is a curated collection of some of my ‘Irvine Index’ columns from the Saturday News Review section of the Sydney Morning Herald. The numbers that appear with each column were the most up to date available at the time of original publication. I did think about trying to update them all for this book, but many come from Australian Bureau of Statistics surveys that are updated every month or quarter. And you know what? Life is short. More on that later . . .

Each column has a sources list with concise details about which websites, publications or reports the numbers are drawn from. If you’re searching for a specific figure and you can’t find it, email me at [e-mail] or tweet @Jess_Irvine and I’ll try to help out. You can also get in touch through my personal blog, econogirl.com.au.

Enjoy.

Introduction

Why there are

no economists

in heaven

‘All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given to us.’

The wizard Gandalf, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, 2001

We are all going to die. Not today—fingers crossed—and probably not tomorrow either. But soon, sooner than you think, we are going to die. Sorry to be so melodramatic about it, but it’s kind of important. I admit I have an ulterior motive in mentioning this fact just now: I seek to ward off in you that powerful feeling of sleepiness that usually accompanies the act of picking up a book about economics. I know that deep down you know that economics is important—that’s why you bought this book. But it’s true, economics can come across as pretty boring. It is a singular achievement of the economics profession that it has managed to make the study of our daily lives and interactions about as exciting as a maths quiz.

Which is probably unfair on a lot of economists. There has been something of a renaissance in economic writing lately; econo-curious types can access an entirely new industry of economic books and websites, the fundamental premise of which seems to be that if you add the suffix ‘onomics’, you can make anything interesting. Witness Freakonomics, Parentonomics, Spousonomics, Newsonomics, Boganomics and, I kid you not, Beeronomics (which is presumably a subset of Boganomics). And as a marketing trick, it works. Why? Because the stuff that economists have to say is interesting. It goes to the heart of who we are and why we do the things we do. Stripped of all the boring equations, hideously complex graphs and other hieroglyphics economists use to communicate, obfuscate and generally big-note themselves, economics is about one thing and one thing only: maximising society’s total stock of wellbeing, and well, what could be more important than that?

I’ve been writing about economics for the Sydney Morning Herald for the better part of a decade and have come to regard the job of economics journalist as similar to that of a foreign correspondent. Okay, the most exciting posting you’re ever likely to get is to Canberra (been there, done that). And instead of enjoying lavish dinners at ambassadors’ residences you get party pies in the federal budget lock-up (for a full menu, turn to Chapter 7 and ‘The inside scoop on the budget lock-up’). And despite the foreign language spoken by many of your economist contacts (NAIRU or GDP deflator, anyone?) you get no budget to hire a translator. The skill of the economics journalist lies in letting yourself go native for a while, learning the language and cultural norms of your subjects, and then translating it all back into English for an interested public. If economists ever learn to speak plain English, I’ll be out of a job. But it’s not a prospect I lie awake at night worrying about.

So, what was I talking about? Oh yeah, death. There are very few things that matter more to an economist than the idea of scarcity, both of time—did I mention we are all going to die?—and of resources, including land, physical capital and labour. When it comes down to it, economists owe their entire existence to the presence of scarcity.

To see why, try to imagine a world without scarcity—a world where time, money and all things exist in never-ending abundance. Everything would be free. We wouldn’t need jobs because we wouldn’t need income. Fancy spending the entire day in your undies, slumped on the couch watching The Bold and the Beautiful? No worries, time is endless, so you may as well. Rather spend the day picking diamonds off that diamond tree in your backyard? Go for it. But then again, why bother? Diamonds are free and you’re dripping in them. In this world of limitless resources, if you want for anything—a coffee, a book, a microwave, a boat—you can simply press a button and that object will magically appear in your living room. All you have to do is relax in your waterfront mansion and enjoy the view, because, of course, someone has invented a space compressor that means you can open any door in your house and be where you want to be; open any window and see what you want.

No time. No space. No money. You want for nothing. You never die. You’re never lonely, because no one you have ever loved has ever died. You can do whatever you want, whenever you want, without any regard for your mortality. The need to settle down, have kids, get a job, get a mortgage? Gone. We could be young forever. To me, it sounds pretty much like every vision of heaven ever dreamed up by any religion. Endless. Abundant. Free.

Unfortunately, the world we inhabit is far from this nirvana. We only have so much income. We are all going to die. So we must make decisions every day, every minute about what ‘to do with the time that is given to us’. (I bet you never realised Gandalf was an economist.) It is precisely because land, labour and capital are scarce that they have a value. It’s scary to think we’re all going to die, but it’s also, ultimately, what makes life so precious. Scarcity is literally what gives value to our lives.

It is the job of economists to help us make these decisions about what to do with the valuable time we have. For example, economists are always pointing out our ‘opportunity cost’, what we give up when we decide to pursue action A over action B. Say you choose to spend one hour writing a book. That is one hour you’ll never get back and can’t spend doing other pleasurable things, like catching up with friends. Does the value of spending an hour writing exceed the pleasure you would have gained having dinner with friends? That is the decision you must make.

Economists have another piece of life-changing advice: ignore ‘sunk costs’. Just because you spent $20 on a book about economics doesn’t mean you should necessarily keep reading if you don’t find it pleasurable. In fact, the American economist Tyler Cowen argues that most of us finish too many books, and we should leave more of them half-read. At every minute of the day you should be thinking about what action will bring you most