About this ebook
In the breathtaking final volume of her acclaimed Prairie Trilogy, Pulitzer Prize–winning novelist Willa Cather brings to life one of the most remarkable heroines in American literature.
The eldest daughter of Bohemian emigrants, fourteen-year-old Ántonia Shimerda arrives in Black Hawk, Nebraska, blissfully unaware of the poverty and heartbreak that lie in store for her family. But as one calamity after another befalls the Shimerdas, Ántonia finds the strength not merely to survive, but to thrive. Under the watchful eye of Jim Burden, her neighbor and childhood friend, Ántonia blossoms into a woman as beautiful, captivating, and resilient as the Great Plains.
Told in lush and evocative prose, My Ántonia is a masterpiece of twentieth-century literature and a stirring tribute to the homesteaders whose pioneer spirit tamed the American West.
"The thing about Willa Cather's landscape and figures is that not only were they born alive but remain so after six decades." —The Guardian
"No romantic novel ever written in America . . . is half so beautiful as My Ántonia." —H. L. Mencken
Willa Cather
Willa Cather (1873-1947) was born in Virginia and raised on the Nebraska prairie. She worked as a newspaper writer, teacher, and managing editor of McClure's magazine. In addition to My Ántonia, her books include O Pioneers! (1913) and The Professor's House. She was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1923 for One of Ours.
Other titles in My Ántonia Series (2)
O Pioneers! Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5My Ántonia Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
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Reviews for My Ántonia
3,030 ratings168 reviews
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Oct 27, 2019
"As I looked about me I felt that the grass was the country, as the water is the sea. The red of the grass made all the great prairie the colour of winestains, or of certain seaweeds when they are first washed up. And there was so much motion in it; the whole country seemed, somehow, to be running."
This book is about the pioneer experience in Nebraska, particularly that of Eastern European immigrants, and is also the coming of age story of Jim Burden (narrator), and Ántonia. While the book is told from Jim's point of view, I felt more connected to Ántonia. Jim and Ántonia are friends from the moment they meet, and as the seasons and the landscape of Nebraska prairie change, so do Jim and Ántonia. They eventually take very different paths, but their friendship remains. Jim is a romantic, and very nostalgic about the past. Ántonia is the symbol of the past for him. I was wrapped up in his feelings of nostalgia, and longing for the past. As I was reading, I felt them too. I particularly loved his descriptions of the Nebraska prairie.
CAWPILE Rating:
C- 9
A- 10
W- 10
P- 6
I- 9
L- 10
E- 10
Avg= 9.1= ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
#backtotheclassics (Classic from the Americas- includes the Caribbean)
#mmdchallenge (a book published before you were born) - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
May 7, 2019
Just a few pages in to "My Antonia," I wondered why I had let it sit unread on my shelves for so long.This book is simply gorgeous, written with evocative, honest language. I was a bit surprised when this book not only opened being narrated by a male, but by a very young boy named Jim Burden. From the title and the description on my edition's back cover, I had assumed that it would be the titular Antonia cast as the main character.I needn't have worried. No one, not even Antonia herself, could have lit up her life so poignantly. To Jim, Antonia is a girl and later a woman unparalleled, his "country girl" goddess. Even though the book follows Jim, it is Antonia's life that comes across to the reader as so very beautiful.I just loved Jim's narrative voice, especially in his childhood years. He is frank, honest, detailed, and insightful. I felt that Cather captured flawlessly the time of childhood, so vividly that I found myself transported through her writing to my own childhood - not so much actual experiences or memories, but rather the carefree, golden feeling of it. With that being said, Cather captured, well, *everything* flawlessly. "My Antonia" has to be one of the prettiest books I have ever read. I think I found something breathtaking on every page. I normally jot down a few quotes from books as I am reading them that catch my eye. Impossible to do so here - I wanted to write down passages every page or so. Had I decided to take down every beautiful passage I came across, I might as well have decided to copy out the entire novel onto my little bookmark.As I read, I would often find myself pausing to re-read sentances and paragraphs twice. Cather's writing is just so achingly beautiful, you can't help it.This, the depth of characters, and the sense of time passed makes this book seem a lot longer and bigger than it actually is. To write this review without mentioning characters would be tragic, so I will cover some of them here.Jim, our narrator, was a delightful voice, as I mentioned above. He sees so much in life, both with realism (his brutal honesty was hilarious, sometimes) and with dreamy artistry. He looks at life like a painting, and manages to coax beauty out of the most starkly ordinary settings and situations. And then of course, there is Antonia. She and her family immigrate to the American prairie from Bohemia, and while she never expresses discontent with their new life, Antonia obviously still holds her homeland dear to her heart. Antonia is elegant, passionate, and lively. She always has a life-like spark to her, even when she becomes a working girl or falls into tragedy as a young woman. Since this book has a sort of structure-less, wandering plot, it is made up of memorable stories all knit together with detailed, stunning descriptions. Some of the stories are exciting (when Jim kills a snake and earns Antonia's respect), some are humorous (when Jake must pay a fine for punching Ambrosch), some horrifying (Peter and Pavel's story of feeding a newlywed couple to hungry wolves in the snow), others heartrendingly sad (when a pregnant woman's fiancee uses up all of her money and then leaves her). In contrast to the happy, endearingly warm beginning of the book, which covers the rosy years of Jim and Antonia's childhood, the later pages are depressingly sad.Oh, the book ends happily, and Jim never stops looking for and pointing out to the reader the artful beauty of life, but you can quite sharply feel the gloom underneath. Jim says with wistful sentimentality: "...I could almost believe that a boy and girl ran along beside me, as our shadows used to do, laughing and whispering to each other in the grass."The best word for this book is "beautiful." It is work of art that spins ordinary prairie grass into gold. Highly, highly recommended. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
May 7, 2019
As a refugee from the Midwest, I think this captures the people very well. Another chronicler of the Midwest is Hamlin Garland. His Main Traveled Roads and a Son of the Middle Border also capture the people of the early Midwest. - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
May 7, 2019
Date noted is when my F2F book club discussed this classic work. I had read it first back when I was in junior high. The first "adult" book I ever read. - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
May 7, 2019
My Antonia is one of those comforting books for me. I return to it again and again, and love it every time I read it. It has certainly profoundly influenced the way I think about life. I'm not sure exactly what it is, but perhaps, Antonia stirs my soul and awakens that part of me passed down from my own Bohemian grandmothers. I love Antonia's strength, her zest for living, and the way she never shies away from hard work. For me, Antonia captures the very essence of being an American and even more, she stands as the quintessential woman: full of love, strength, and happiness despite the hard times life may throw at her. I love the fact that she finds joy in being a mother and is surrounded by many adoring children. Although she rejoices in the success of her friends, for her, life is meaningful, not because of money or worldly success, but because of the love of her family and what they have built together. That is very much the vision I have for my life. When I grow old, I may not be ambitious, rich, or beautiful, but I hope like Antonia to be happy and surrounded by a large, loving family. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
May 7, 2019
I've fallen in love with Willa Cather's writing. I had to rush through reading My Antonia because I was on a deadline, and I wish that I hadn't. Willa Cather's books, in my experience, benefit greatly by spending a little time with them. This is the 3rd book of hers I've read (O Pioneers and Song of the Lark) and I love them all. They each have different things that make them shine. Lovely, touching, enjoyable reading. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Feb 5, 2025
tle streams of dark water gurgling cheerfully into the streets out of old snow-banks. My window was open, and the earthy wind blowing through made me indolent. On the edge of the prairie, where the sun had gone down, the sky was turquoise blue, like a lake, with gold light throbbing in it. Higher up, in the utter clarity of the western slope, the evening star hung like a lamp suspended by silver chains—like the lamp engraved upon the title-page of old Latin texts, which is always appearing in new heavens, and waking new desires in men."
I loved this more than I was expecting to - westerns and prairie stories are really not my thing. I have read Cather once before, and I did not get what all the praise for her writing was about. But now I do. It's gorgeous, and that is saying something because there is no plot. None. It's a memory shared of a specific time and place, and its characters are described so vividly I could picture them in my head. Cather's prose is the star here; it's luminous, and I loved her choice of the orphaned Jim Burden as the protagonist - we get to see Nebraska through his eyes as he moves there to live with his grandparents.
The audiobook narrated by George Guidall is full of fabulous. I gave this 4.5 stars, and that is for this narration. - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Oct 24, 2024
Man, I love this book. I tried reading it once before, 10 or 15 years ago, and let the "frame" stand in the way. (To be fair, it's pretty lame—as most frames are.) So glad I gave it another shot, though, and got past that this time.
Cather's writing here is on a par with O Pioneers!. She fleshes out her characters and their relationships fully, from the inside. Realist writing is often restrained by Chekhov's insistence on "removing everything that has no relevance to the story." Cather's realism is never so minimal, and is all the more real for it. She fully incorporates anything that will help build her characters. The connections may be coarsely drawn, in the way that human relations can be. But these loose, ragged details are not, as Chekhov might call them, unkept promises. In the end there is a very human essence to her people and her places, that only appears from a slight angle. She could never have shown it directly. I come away from her best work with a feeling, more than an idea. Which is exactly how I came away from this one. - Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5
Apr 18, 2024
I applaud the ethereal quality of the prose and Cather's talent in beautifying a seemingly vapid scene on the prairie, shrouded in a rustic mistiness which is tailored to a wistful resonance of an age long gone by, but what ruined it all was the ever-platonic and flabby narrator, stifling me with his misguided zeal. I would not have opted for Jim's schmaltzy narration, which felt unsuitable and degrading at times, and particularly presumptuous to Ántonia's character, walking around goggle-eyed as a second-hand observer with no intentions of actually living his own life. I think Antonia might have sufficed for a spirited puppy instead of a loitering loafer. - Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5
Feb 8, 2024
A book that I found very flat due to its writing style. I finished it more out of discipline than because it hooked me. It tells the story of the settlers who settled in the United States coming from Europe well, but for me, it doesn't have much literary interest. (Translated from Spanish) - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Oct 1, 2021
Yup. Still a beautiful read of Americana. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Nov 28, 2020
Second book by this author and it came in handy this month when, coincidentally, books reflecting on life in rural areas came together. In this case, it focuses on emigrant families to the U.S. at the end of the 19th century. This story, in addition to being very well told, addresses themes of the uprooting that emigrants suffer, the rejection they generate in previously settled communities, discusses the situation of women and the struggle to find a place. Willa Cather is another of this year's discoveries, and I highly recommend this novel. (Translated from Spanish) - Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5
Feb 5, 2020
Jim and Antonia are two young children that are both going to Nebraska with their families. Jim is of American descent and Antonia is of Bohemian descent. Antonia's family is destitute and lives in a sod hut, but learn to work the land.
As children, they are great friends. Jim always has a real "love" for Antonia and all of her liveliness. You can tell that he has always loved her, even if he hasn't quite figured that out for himself.
Life sends them in different directions, but they remain friends throughout life.
The descriptive writing in this novel is wonderful. You can almost feel the wind blow, the moon rise, the sun ascend as you are reading this. - Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5
Nov 9, 2019
Death Comes for the Archbishop is one of my all time favorite books. Sadly this book was a disappointment. Seemingly endless plodding along.... - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Oct 30, 2019
My work book club read My Antonia by Willa Cather last month. I read it 15 years ago and gave it 5 stars then.
You can’t beat her depictions of life on the prairie and the mix of characters. If you grew up liking Laura Ingalls you will like this.
It made me want to re-read all of Cather’s works. I remember loving Death Comes for the Archbishop when I was in high school. I’m sure it is one that will be even better now. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
May 11, 2019
I managed to get through high school without reading Willa Cather. Someone recommended My Ántonia when I was looking for undramatic material suitable for reading before bedtime, and onto the wish list it went.
Undramatic is an interesting label to apply to this book, which witnesses a suicide, an out-of-wedlock pregnancy, several amputations and a murder-suicide. The tone is what makes the story drowsy and golden-hued — romantic doesn't even begin to cover it. It was indeed pleasant to read before falling asleep.
This novel is a good counterpoint to House of Mirth because the two novels have some shared structure — you can sense Ántonia's "downfall" approaching her as soon as she moves to town, and the narrator is occasionally exasperatingly useless (both of which remind me of House of Mirth). Cather doesn't write straight-up tragedies, however — her characters have a remarkable amount of self-determination. What could have been a fatal flaw (e.g. Lena's warmheartedness to married men) becomes a colorful personality detail. I love that the entire farming community gossips about Ole Benson following Lena around and years later Lena casually dismisses their gossip with a description of her generosity of spirit ('There was never any harm in Ole,' she said once. 'People needn't have troubled themselves. He just liked to come over and sit on the draw-side and forget about his bad luck.' [p. 226]). - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Apr 3, 2019
It is a daunting task to find anything fresh to say about a book that is justifiably regarded as a classic, so I will keep this one fairly short.
Willa Cather moved with her family from New England to rural Nebraska as a child, at a time when new farmland there was still being pioneered, so this tale of the state's development and specifically the experiences of the first generation immigrant farming families from Eastern Europe and Scandinavia that settled it, is inevitably coloured by her own experiences. She distances herself cleverly by making her narrator Jim Burden a man of her own age who for quite a large part of the book retains some distance from its heroine Ántonia, but who was also her childhood friend and neighbour.
The story is beautifully paced and contains nothing superfluous. Cather's Nebraska is vividly realised and her attitudes to her characters and particularly those who fall foul of conventional moral judgments seem very modern for a book first published in 1918. For the most part she avoids sentimentality too, except perhaps a little in the final chapter, which seems forgiveable. It was also interesting to read a story that is so positive about immigration at a time when there is so much paranoia about it in popular political culture. - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Mar 13, 2019
Wow. My first Willa Cather and I can't believe It's taken me so long. This was astonishing. Beautifully written with every open sky and blade of wind-blown grass innocently transcribed. The story feels familiar as Jim Burden is a prototypical Nick Carraway, condemned to observe, unable to effect change. I'm not the first to make the comparison and it appears that Fitzgerald judged his own work to be an inferior homage in some ways. Antonia is a tragic heroine, overflowing with life. are we supposed to be disappointed in her lack of success relative to Lena and Tiny, or, as I did, are we supposed to feel thrilled that she is married to a man who loves her and with whom she is bringing up 10 fabulous children? It doesn't matter much, I guess, but I am as captivated by Antonia as Jim.
I look forward to reading more of Ms Cather. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Mar 11, 2019
My Antonia by Willa Cather was well recommended to me a number of times. The last book of Cather’s Prairie Trilogy, I read the first 2 books in order to make sense of the last. So it’s taken me a number of years to finally read this book about growing up on the farms and in a small Nebraska town during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.
The writing is simple and beautiful. the author’s love of the wide open spaces people by hardy Europeans shines in her every word. She has a wonderful ability to tell the stories of her characters in a comical yet compassionate way.
We are in for more enjoyable adventures once Jim and his grandparents left the farm and moved to the city of Black Hawk. We quickly pass through his education and learn third hand what becomes of Antonia and others. It winds up rather quickly with a bit of sentimentality. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Feb 21, 2019
Nostalgia. Nicely done. - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Dec 27, 2018
(This was read as part of my 2011 reading project, 100 Years, 100 Books, which commemorated RPL's 100th anniversary.)
My friend Paula, a Nebraska native, has been after me to read this book for years and now I understand. I’d been spending nearly all of my reading time with early 20th century mysteries and, quite frankly, they’d become tedious. After forcing myself through The Red House by A.A. Milne, I really felt like I needed a change of pace. I had downloaded a whole bunch of free books to my Kindle for this reading project, and My Antonia just happened to be at the top of the list, so I casually opened it one night a week ago to see what it was all about.
I found a beautiful, heartbreaking, luminous story that captivated me from the first page. Cather tells the story of Antonia Shimerda, a headstrong, handsome Bohemian girl whose family is transplanted to Black Hawk, Nebraska in the 19th century. Antonia’s story is told through the eyes of Jim Burden, an orphan who also arrives to live with his grandparents in Black Hawk on the same train as Antonia and her family. The two become fast friends whose lives twine around each other over the course of a lifetime.
The interesting thing about this story that is so different from what I’ve been reading is that there really isn’t a storyline. This is a memoir, a re-telling of a bucolic if hard childhood on the prairie, coming of age in a small mid-western town, and adulthood not yet devoid of childhood innocence and affection between lifelong friends.
I was reminded of two stories as I read this one – Little House on the Prairie by Laura Ingalls Wilder and the 2010 Newbery winner Moon Over Manifest by Clare Vanderpool. The sod houses of Wilder’s early books are here, as is the red prairie grass, snakes, farms, and family devotion. The similarity to Manifest, Kansas is more in the characters drawn by Cather and Vanderpool than in the story. However, all three books share the same comforting, lovely tributes to the importance of family and friends.
Cather’s characters, from Antonia and her regal but defeated father, to the foreign farm girls who go to town as “hired girls,” to Antonia’s husband and colorful tribe of children, to the narrator – Jim Burden himself – are finely drawn and developed with care and compassion. She captures the tender friendship between Antonia and Jim, which becomes the thread that twines through the entire story and ultimately makes it successful.
A beautiful book that will stay with me for a long, long time. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Nov 17, 2018
What a lovely story of life on the midwestern prairie in a place and time not far removed from my own family. The life was hard, but the joy of being alive and human and a part of it something bigger than oneself was pervasive, particularly as it pertained to Antonia, she of the overwhelming life force. The story was somewhat slow to start as we got to know the characters and watched them growing up, but the payoff was more than worth it, seeing Antonia and Jim both finding themselves and forging their fates. - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Nov 1, 2018
Published 100 years ago in 1918, Willa Cather's “My Antonia” remains a remarkable work of literature. Thomas C. Foster features it in his book “Twenty-Five Books That Shaped America,” observing "it is beautifully written and was recognized as such from the moment of its publication."
Although relatively short, the novel covers a lot of territory and many years. It can be said to be about many things, among them:
"Some memories are realities, and are better than anything that can ever happen to one again."
1. The power of memory
Two men who grew up together in a small Nebraska town decide to share written memories of a girl they both knew, a Bohemian immigrant named Antonia Shimerda. Jim Burden is the only one who actually does so, and this book is what he remembers.
Although she is four years older than him, Jim tutors her in English. He is a brilliant boy who eventually goes to Harvard and becomes a lawyer. She becomes his playmate, a lifelong friend and, thanks to the power of memory, the love of his life.
"I knew where the real women were, though I was only a boy; and I would not be afraid of them, either!"
2. The strength of immigrant women
Antonia's father becomes so lonely for the Old Country (the power of memory again) that he commits suicide. Later her husband similarly pines for the land he left behind, but Antonia's strength and optimism (and a house full of children) helps keep him focused on the present. Unlike in Glendon Swarthout's “The Homesman,” the female prairie pioneers are the sturdy ones, able to meet any obstacle with good cheer and a little extra effort.
Of all the girls in his rural community, Jim Burden finds those immigrant girls the most appealing. "If there were no girls like them in the world, there would be no poetry," he says.
"Everything was as it should be: the strong smell of sunflowers and ironweed in the dew, the clear blue and gold of the sky, the evening star, the purr of the milk into the pails, the grunts and squeals of the pigs fighting over their supper."
3. The lure of the prairie
The prairie was the focus of all, or at least most, of Willa Cather's books, and “My Antonia” was the third novel in her prairie trilogy, which also included “O Pioneers!” and “The Song of the Lark.” Jim Burden's education and later career takes him far from the Nebraska home where he came of age, but as the saying goes, you can't take the country out of the boy. The prairie, like Antonia herself, remains a part of him and draws him back. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Oct 18, 2018
It is a good novel that tells the story of American pioneers. (Translated from Spanish) - Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5
Sep 23, 2018
I was forced to read this book for class, and trust me "forced" is the right word. There is no way I would have read this book had I not been held responsible for knowing what it was about. The writing is inarguably beautiful at times, but there was no distinct plot, very limited characterization, and overall, I think the story could have been told in a better way. I do not have any plans to reread this anytime soon. - Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5
Sep 4, 2018
Similar to Little House on the Prairie but intended for adults, I wasn't sure what to expect when I started this. I will admit I didn't read the first two books in the Great Plains trilogy, but that didn't stop me from enjoying this book and I thought it read well as a stand alone. My Antonia is am old mans recollection of a girl from his youth. For some reason he never could get Antonia out of his mind and his childhood was drastically shaped by her. Antonia was an immigrant girl several years his junior who moved to the plains the same time he did. He taught her to read and speak English and she taught him what to value in a girl. Their story gets a little more complicated as he ages and even goes through some rough patches but they always respected each other even when they moved apart and led vastly different lives. The ending though... not quite what I anticipated. Also, I'm still unsure if I liked the narrator, I have a lot of feelings about this book and I need to discuss it with my book club to suss it out ;) - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Aug 1, 2018
Reached back for a classic i had never read. A beautifully written book, with powerful descriptions of places, people and memories. An old-fashioned good read! - Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Jun 30, 2018
Having never read any of Willa Cather’s books in my teenage years – Cather was not required reading in the Canadian school system during my days – it is only recently that I have come to experience, and appreciate, her wonderful stories and the sparse, clear quality of her writing. I have a love for stories that depict the harsh realities of 19th century (and early 20th century) prairie life. While told from the point of view of Jim, the story is very much a pastoral expression about forging friendships and strong women. While some novels of this nature tend to merely communicate a place and time – like a picture - Cather’s story is a sentimental story, a wistful longing to revisit fond memories. How can one have fond memories of a harsh prairie winter, of the wretched scrabble for survival for newly immigrated families and confining feeling of certain social strictures? For Cather, even those harsh realities cannot hold back the beauty that can reside in an individual filled with kindness, optimism, strength, determination, and the full potential of life. Some may feel that Cather has not adequately focused on those harsh realities, but to expect that would be to miss what I believe to be the point of Cather’s story: to give readers a story of courage and endurance set against the expansive prairie sky. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Mar 20, 2018
At its heart, My Antonia is an immigrant novel, but not the kind of immigrant novel you would find written today. Jim's Antonia certainly epitomizes the immigrant dream. Seen through Jim's perspective only, that dream is romanticized tremendously. The dream of making a home in a new country, of starting over from scratch, of finding a modicum of success. If not for yourself, then for your children. It is a novel that also pays homage to the beauty of the Nebraskan prairie.
My family is Pennsylvania Dutch, and my ancestors got their start in America back in the late 1700s and early 1800s as immigrant farmers in rural Pennsylvania. While reading My Antonia, I couldn't help but make comparisons to my own ancestors - whom I know very little about - but who I have always imagined to homestead and farm in much the same way as the characters in this book. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Dec 27, 2017
Rereading this book was a sheer pleasure. I reread my review from earlier in the year, but rereading gives more perspective, more detail, and more respect.
Don’t look to it for plot; it’s more a tone poem or prose rhapsody.
Cather takes us to the almost virgin prairies of Nebraska, seen first through the eyes of a 10 year old boy named Jim and a 14 year old immigrant girl named Antonia. Jim narrates their mutual discovery of the land, with its hardships and joys, and later the town, with its social customs and pleasures. Throughout this phase, Cather builds vivid characters in clear, seemingly effortless prose, so that you know them immediately and think of them as true individuals.
But the story is more than that. Parallelling the maturation of the main characters is the growth of the farms, towns and country in the early part of the 20th century. Jim comes from Virginia, gets to Nebraska, eventually gets back to the east coast for school and career. Because he travels as an adult, we learn that some of the young women in the story end up in San Francisco, Seattle, even in the Alaska gold rush. We are always anchored in Nebraska, but we get the sense of the sweep west of the country from the people we have met in Nebraska and meet again.
Not everyone is good, and bad things do happen, but this is ultimately a story of survival and joy. Highly recommended
Book preview
My Ántonia - Willa Cather
TO CARRIE AND IRENE MINER
In memory of affections old and true
Optima dies … prima fugit
—VIRGIL
INTRODUCTION
LAST SUMMER I HAPPENED to be crossing the plains of Iowa in a season of intense heat, and it was my good fortune to have for a traveling companion James Quayle Burden—Jim Burden, as we still call him in the West. He and I are old friends—we grew up together in the same Nebraska town—and we had much to say to each other. While the train flashed through never-ending miles of ripe wheat, by country towns and bright-flowered pastures and oak groves wilting in the sun, we sat in the observation car, where the woodwork was hot to the touch and red dust lay deep over everything. The dust and heat, the burning wind, reminded us of many things. We were talking about what it is like to spend one’s childhood in little towns like these, buried in wheat and corn, under stimulating extremes of climate: burning summers when the world lies green and billowy beneath a brilliant sky, when one is fairly stifled in vegetation, in the color and smell of strong weeds and heavy harvests; blustery winters with little snow, when the whole country is stripped bare and gray as sheet-iron. We agreed that no one who had not grown up in a little prairie town could know anything about it. It was a kind of freemasonry, we said.
Although Jim Burden and I both live in New York, and are old friends, I do not see much of him there. He is legal counsel for one of the great Western railways, and is sometimes away from his New York office for weeks together. That is one reason why we do not often meet. Another is that I do not like his wife.
When Jim was still an obscure young lawyer, struggling to make his way in New York, his career was suddenly advanced by a brilliant marriage. Genevieve Whitney was the only daughter of a distinguished man. Her marriage with young Burden was the subject of sharp comment at the time. It was said she had been brutally jilted by her cousin, Rutland Whitney, and that she married this unknown man from the West out of bravado. She was a restless, headstrong girl, even then, who liked to astonish her friends. Later, when I knew her, she was always doing something unexpected. She gave one of her town houses for a Suffrage headquarters, produced one of her own plays at the Princess Theater, was arrested for picketing during a garment-makers’ strike, etc. I am never able to believe that she has much feeling for the causes to which she lends her name and her fleeting interest. She is handsome, energetic, executive, but to me she seems unimpressionable and temperamentally incapable of enthusiasm. Her husband’s quiet tastes irritate her, I think, and she finds it worth while to play the patroness to a group of young poets and painters of advanced ideas and mediocre ability. She has her own fortune and lives her own life. For some reason, she wishes to remain Mrs. James Burden.
As for Jim, no disappointments have been severe enough to chill his naturally romantic and ardent disposition. This disposition, though it often made him seem very funny when he was a boy, has been one of the strongest elements in his success. He loves with a personal passion the great country through which his railway runs and branches. His faith in it and his knowledge of it have played an important part in its development. He is always able to raise capital for new enterprises in Wyoming or Montana, and has helped young men out there to do remarkable things in mines and timber and oil. If a young man with an idea can once get Jim Burden’s attention, can manage to accompany him when he goes off into the wilds hunting for lost parks or exploring new canyons, then the money which means action is usually forthcoming. Jim is still able to lose himself in those big Western dreams. Though he is over forty now, he meets new people and new enterprises with the impulsiveness by which his boyhood friends remember him. He never seems to me to grow older. His fresh color and sandy hair and quick-changing blue eyes are those of a young man, and his sympathetic, solicitous interest in women is as youthful as it is Western and American.
During that burning day when we were crossing Iowa, our talk kept returning to a central figure, a Bohemian girl whom we had known long ago and whom both of us admired. More than any other person we remembered, this girl seemed to mean to us the country, the conditions, the whole adventure of our childhood. To speak her name was to call up pictures of people and places, to set a quiet drama going in one’s brain. I had lost sight of her altogether, but Jim had found her again after long years, had renewed a friendship that meant a great deal to him, and out of his busy life had set apart time enough to enjoy that friendship. His mind was full of her that day. He made me see her again, feel her presence, revived all my old affection for her.
I can’t see,
he said impetuously, why you have never written anything about Ántonia.
I told him I had always felt that other people—he himself, for one knew her much better than I. I was ready, however, to make an agreement with him; I would set down on paper all that I remembered of Ántonia if he would do the same. We might, in this way, get a picture of her.
He rumpled his hair with a quick, excited gesture, which with him often announces a new determination, and I could see that my suggestion took hold of him. Maybe I will, maybe I will!
he declared. He stared out of the window for a few moments, and when he turned to me again his eyes had the sudden clearness that comes from something the mind itself sees. Of course,
he said, I should have to do it in a direct way, and say a great deal about myself. It’s through myself that I knew and felt her, and I’ve had no practice in any other form of presentation.
I told him that how he knew her and felt her was exactly what I most wanted to know about Ántonia. He had had opportunities that I, as a little girl who watched her come and go, had not.
Months afterward Jim Burden arrived at my apartment one stormy winter afternoon, with a bulging legal portfolio sheltered under his fur overcoat. He brought it into the sitting-room with him and tapped it with some pride as he stood warming his hands.
I finished it last night—the thing about Ántonia,
he said. Now, what about yours?
I had to confess that mine had not gone beyond a few straggling notes.
Notes? I didn’t make any.
He drank his tea all at once and put down the cup. I didn’t arrange or rearrange. I simply wrote down what of herself and myself and other people Ántonia’s name recalls to me. I suppose it hasn’t any form. It hasn’t any title, either.
He went into the next room, sat down at my desk and wrote on the pinkish face of the portfolio the word, Ántonia.
He frowned at this a moment, then prefixed another word, making it My Ántonia.
That seemed to satisfy him.
Read it as soon as you can,
he said, rising, but don’t let it influence your own story.
My own story was never written, but the following narrative is Jim’s manuscript, substantially as he brought it to me.
NOTE: The Bohemian name Ántonia is strongly accented on the first syllable, like the English name Anthony, and the ‘i’ is, of course, given the sound of long ‘e’. The name is pronounced An'-ton-ee-ah.
BOOK I
The Shimerdas
I
I FIRST HEARD OF ÁNTONIA on what seemed to me an interminable journey across the great midland plain of North America. I was ten years old then; I had lost both my father and mother within a year, and my Virginia relatives were sending me out to my grandparents, who lived in Nebraska. I travelled in the care of a mountain boy, Jake Marpole, one of the ‘hands’ on my father’s old farm under the Blue Ridge, who was now going West to work for my grandfather. Jake’s experience of the world was not much wider than mine. He had never been in a railway train until the morning when we set out together to try our fortunes in a new world.
We went all the way in day-coaches, becoming more sticky and grimy with each stage of the journey. Jake bought everything the newsboys offered him: candy, oranges, brass collar buttons, a watch-charm, and for me a ‘Life of Jesse James,’ which I remember as one of the most satisfactory books I have ever read. Beyond Chicago we were under the protection of a friendly passenger conductor, who knew all about the country to which we were going and gave us a great deal of advice in exchange for our confidence. He seemed to us an experienced and worldly man who had been almost everywhere; in his conversation he threw out lightly the names of distant states and cities. He wore the rings and pins and badges of different fraternal orders to which he belonged. Even his cuff-buttons were engraved with hieroglyphics, and he was more inscribed than an Egyptian obelisk.
Once when he sat down to chat, he told us that in the immigrant car ahead there was a family from ‘across the water’ whose destination was the same as ours.
‘They can’t any of them speak English, except one little girl, and all she can say is We go Black Hawk, Nebraska.
She’s not much older than you, twelve or thirteen, maybe, and she’s as bright as a new dollar. Don’t you want to go ahead and see her, Jimmy? She’s got the pretty brown eyes, too!’
This last remark made me bashful, and I shook my head and settled down to ‘Jesse James.’ Jake nodded at me approvingly and said you were likely to get diseases from foreigners.
I do not remember crossing the Missouri River, or anything about the long day’s journey through Nebraska. Probably by that time I had crossed so many rivers that I was dull to them. The only thing very noticeable about Nebraska was that it was still, all day long, Nebraska.
I had been sleeping, curled up in a red plush seat, for a long while when we reached Black Hawk. Jake roused me and took me by the hand. We stumbled down from the train to a wooden siding, where men were running about with lanterns. I couldn’t see any town, or even distant lights; we were surrounded by utter darkness. The engine was panting heavily after its long run. In the red glow from the fire-box, a group of people stood huddled together on the platform, encumbered by bundles and boxes. I knew this must be the immigrant family the conductor had told us about. The woman wore a fringed shawl tied over her head, and she carried a little tin trunk in her arms, hugging it as if it were a baby. There was an old man, tall and stooped. Two half-grown boys and a girl stood holding oilcloth bundles, and a little girl clung to her mother’s skirts. Presently a man with a lantern approached them and began to talk, shouting and exclaiming. I pricked up my ears, for it was positively the first time I had ever heard a foreign tongue.
Another lantern came along. A bantering voice called out: ‘Hello, are you Mr. Burden’s folks? If you are, it’s me you’re looking for. I’m Otto Fuchs. I’m Mr. Burden’s hired man, and I’m to drive you out. Hello, Jimmy, ain’t you scared to come so far west?’
I looked up with interest at the new face in the lantern-light. He might have stepped out of the pages of ‘Jesse James.’ He wore a sombrero hat, with a wide leather band and a bright buckle, and the ends of his moustache were twisted up stiffly, like little horns. He looked lively and ferocious, I thought, and as if he had a history. A long scar ran across one cheek and drew the corner of his mouth up in a sinister curl. The top of his left ear was gone, and his skin was brown as an Indian’s. Surely this was the face of a desperado. As he walked about the platform in his high-heeled boots, looking for our trunks, I saw that he was a rather slight man, quick and wiry, and light on his feet. He told us we had a long night drive ahead of us, and had better be on the hike. He led us to a hitching-bar where two farm-wagons were tied, and I saw the foreign family crowding into one of them. The other was for us. Jake got on the front seat with Otto Fuchs, and I rode on the straw in the bottom of the wagon-box, covered up with a buffalo hide. The immigrants rumbled off into the empty darkness, and we followed them.
I tried to go to sleep, but the jolting made me bite my tongue, and I soon began to ache all over. When the straw settled down, I had a hard bed. Cautiously I slipped from under the buffalo hide, got up on my knees and peered over the side of the wagon. There seemed to be nothing to see; no fences, no creeks or trees, no hills or fields. If there was a road, I could not make it out in the faint starlight. There was nothing but land: not a country at all, but the material out of which countries are made. No, there was nothing but land—slightly undulating, I knew, because often our wheels ground against the brake as we went down into a hollow and lurched up again on the other side. I had the feeling that the world was left behind, that we had got over the edge of it, and were outside man’s jurisdiction. I had never before looked up at the sky when there was not a familiar mountain ridge against it. But this was the complete dome of heaven, all there was of it. I did not believe that my dead father and mother were watching me from up there; they would still be looking for me at the sheep-fold down by the creek, or along the white road that led to the mountain pastures. I had left even their spirits behind me. The wagon jolted on, carrying me I knew not whither. I don’t think I was homesick. If we never arrived anywhere, it did not matter. Between that earth and that sky I felt erased, blotted out. I did not say my prayers that night: here, I felt, what would be would be.
II
I DO NOT REMEMBER our arrival at my grandfather’s farm sometime before daybreak, after a drive of nearly twenty miles with heavy work-horses. When I awoke, it was afternoon. I was lying in a little room, scarcely larger than the bed that held me, and the window-shade at my head was flapping softly in a warm wind. A tall woman, with wrinkled brown skin and black hair, stood looking down at me; I knew that she must be my grandmother. She had been crying, I could see, but when I opened my eyes she smiled, peered at me anxiously, and sat down on the foot of my bed.
‘Had a good sleep, Jimmy?’ she asked briskly. Then in a very different tone she said, as if to herself, ‘My, how you do look like your father!’ I remembered that my father had been her little boy; she must often have come to wake him like this when he overslept. ‘Here are your clean clothes,’ she went on, stroking my coverlid with her brown hand as she talked. ‘But first you come down to the kitchen with me, and have a nice warm bath behind the stove. Bring your things; there’s nobody about.’
‘Down to the kitchen’ struck me as curious; it was always ‘out in the kitchen’ at home. I picked up my shoes and stockings and followed her through the living-room and down a flight of stairs into a basement. This basement was divided into a dining-room at the right of the stairs and a kitchen at the left. Both rooms were plastered and whitewashed—the plaster laid directly upon the earth walls, as it used to be in dugouts. The floor was of hard cement. Up under the wooden ceiling there were little half-windows with white curtains, and pots of geraniums and wandering Jew in the deep sills. As I entered the kitchen, I sniffed a pleasant smell of gingerbread baking. The stove was very large, with bright nickel trimmings, and behind it there was a long wooden bench against the wall, and a tin washtub, into which grandmother poured hot and cold water. When she brought the soap and towels, I told her that I was used to taking my bath without help. ‘Can you do your ears, Jimmy? Are you sure? Well, now, I call you a right smart little boy.’
It was pleasant there in the kitchen. The sun shone into my bath-water through the west half-window, and a big Maltese cat came up and rubbed himself against the tub, watching me curiously. While I scrubbed, my grandmother busied herself in the dining-room until I called anxiously, ‘Grandmother, I’m afraid the cakes are burning!’ Then she came laughing, waving her apron before her as if she were shooing chickens.
She was a spare, tall woman, a little stooped, and she was apt to carry her head thrust forward in an attitude of attention, as if she were looking at something, or listening to something, far away. As I grew older, I came to believe that it was only because she was so often thinking of things that were far away. She was quick-footed and energetic in all her movements. Her voice was high and rather shrill, and she often spoke with an anxious inflection, for she was exceedingly desirous that everything should go with due order and decorum. Her laugh, too, was high, and perhaps a little strident, but there was a lively intelligence in it. She was then fifty-five years old, a strong woman, of unusual endurance.
After I was dressed, I explored the long cellar next the kitchen. It was dug out under the wing of the house, was plastered and cemented, with a stairway and an outside door by which the men came and went. Under one of the windows there was a place for them to wash when they came in from work.
While my grandmother was busy about supper, I settled myself on the wooden bench behind the stove and got acquainted with the cat—he caught not only rats and mice, but gophers, I was told. The patch of yellow sunlight on the floor travelled back toward the stairway, and grandmother and I talked about my journey, and about the arrival of the new Bohemian family; she said they were to be our nearest neighbours. We did not talk about the farm in Virginia, which had been her home for so many years. But after the men came in from the fields, and we were all seated at the supper table, then she asked Jake about the old place and about our friends and neighbours there.
My grandfather said little. When he first came in he kissed me and spoke kindly to me, but he was not demonstrative. I felt at once his deliberateness and personal dignity, and was a little in awe of him. The thing one immediately noticed about him was his beautiful, crinkly, snow-white beard. I once heard a missionary say it was like the beard of an Arabian sheik. His bald crown only made it more impressive.
Grandfather’s eyes were not at all like those of an old man; they were bright blue, and had a fresh, frosty sparkle. His teeth were white and regular—so sound that he had never been to a dentist in his life. He had a delicate skin, easily roughened by sun and wind. When he was a young man his hair and beard were red; his eyebrows were still coppery.
As we sat at the table, Otto Fuchs and I kept stealing covert glances at each other. Grandmother had told me while she was getting supper that he was an Austrian who came to this country a young boy and had led an adventurous life in the Far West among mining-camps and cow outfits. His iron constitution was somewhat broken by mountain pneumonia, and he had drifted back to live in a milder country for a while. He had relatives in Bismarck, a German settlement to the north of us, but for a year now he had been working for grandfather.
The minute supper was over, Otto took me into the kitchen to whisper to me about a pony down in the barn that had been bought for me at a sale; he had been riding him to find out whether he had any bad tricks, but he was a ‘perfect gentleman,’ and his name was Dude. Fuchs told me everything I wanted to know: how he had lost his ear in a Wyoming blizzard when he was a stage-driver, and how to throw a lasso. He promised to rope a steer for me before sundown next day. He got out his ‘chaps’ and silver spurs to show them to Jake and me, and his best cowboy boots, with tops stitched in bold design—roses, and true-lover’s knots, and undraped female figures. These, he solemnly explained, were angels.
Before we went to bed, Jake and Otto were called up to the living-room for prayers. Grandfather put on silver-rimmed spectacles and read several Psalms. His voice was so sympathetic and he read so interestingly that I wished he had chosen one of my favourite chapters in the Book of Kings. I was awed by his intonation of the word ‘Selah.’ ‘He shall choose our inheritance for us, the excellency of Jacob whom He loved. Selah.’ I had no idea what the word meant; perhaps he had not. But, as he uttered it, it became oracular, the most sacred of words.
Early the next morning I ran out-of-doors to look about me. I had been told that ours was the only wooden house west of Black Hawk—until you came to the Norwegian settlement, where there were several. Our neighbours lived in sod houses and dugouts—comfortable, but not very roomy. Our white frame house, with a storey and half-storey above the basement, stood at the east end of what I might call the farmyard, with the windmill close by the kitchen door. From the windmill the ground sloped westward, down to the barns and granaries and pig-yards. This slope was trampled hard and bare, and washed out in winding gullies by the rain. Beyond the corncribs, at the bottom of the shallow draw, was a muddy little pond, with rusty willow bushes growing about it. The road from the post-office came directly by our door, crossed the farmyard, and curved round this little pond, beyond which it began to climb the gentle swell of unbroken prairie to the west. There, along the western sky-line it skirted a great cornfield, much larger than any field I had ever seen. This cornfield, and the sorghum patch behind the barn, were the only broken land in sight. Everywhere, as far as the eye could reach, there was nothing but rough, shaggy, red grass, most of it as tall as I.
North of the house, inside the ploughed fire-breaks, grew a thick-set strip of box-elder trees, low and bushy, their leaves already turning yellow. This hedge was nearly a quarter of a mile long, but I had to look very hard to see it at all.
