600 Quotes of Ancient Philosophy: Confucius, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Plato, Socrates, Aristotle
Written by Platon, Confucius, Marcus Aurelius and Epictetus
Narrated by Paul Spera and Katie Haigh
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Platon
Platón (Atenas, 427 - 347 a. C.) fue un filósofo griego que, junto a su maestro Sócrates y su discípulo Aristóteles, es considerado uno de los grandes pensadores de la tradición filosófica europea. La obra de Platón, radicalmente novedosa en su elaboración lógica y literaria, estableció una serie de constantes y problemas que marcaron el pensamiento occidental más allá de su influencia inmediata, que se dejaría sentir tanto entre los paganos (el neoplatonismo de Plotino) como en la teología cristiana, fundamentada en gran medida por San Agustín. Nacido en el seno de una familia aristocrática, Platón abandonó su inicial vocación política y sus aficiones literarias por la filosofía, atraído por Sócrates. Fue su discípulo durante veinte años y se enfrentó abiertamente a los sofistas (Protágoras, Gorgias). Tras la condena a muerte de Sócrates (399 a. C.), huyó de Atenas y se apartó completamente de la vida pública; no obstante, los temas políticos ocuparon siempre un lugar central en su pensamiento, y llegó a concebir un modelo ideal de Estado. En el año 387 fundó una escuela de filosofía, situada en las afueras de Atenas, junto al jardín dedicado al héroe Academo, de donde procede el nombre de "Academia". En ella se estudiaba y se investigaba sobre todo tipo de asuntos, dado que la filosofía englobaba la totalidad del saber, hasta que paulatinamente fueron apareciendo (en la propia Academia) las disciplinas especializadas que darían lugar a ramas diferenciadas del saber, como la lógica, la ética o la física. Pervivió más de novecientos años y en ella se educaron personajes de importancia tan fundamental como Aristóteles.
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