Anatomy & Physiology Terms Greek&Latin ROOTS DECODED! Vol.5: Complete Skeletal & Muscular System, Gross Anatomy-Histology Terms
By Lee Oliva
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About this ebook
Anatomy & Physiology Terms Greek&Latin ROOTS DECODED! is a systematic and easy guide to the ancient origins of its nomenclature. The metaphors and imagery of everyday Greek and Latin words will help students internalize the concepts represented by the terms. By "dissecting" the terms' roots and stems, prefixes and suffixes the student will gain deeper appreciation for the significance of the terms, far beyond laborious memorization. Use this reference for the simplest of terms to the most esoteric. Every entry promises English vocabulary discovery and A&P enlightenment. Highly recommended for early entry into the health field. Helpful for non-English speakers going into the health profession and English teachers who want to introduce students to the language of medicine and allied health field
Lee Oliva
Lee Oliva, Doctor of Chiropractic, graduated from Palmer College of Chiropractic West., San Jose, California (1994). He practiced for 20+ years in the San Gabriel Valley, California (East of Los Angeles). He was educated in the classics in a Catholic Seminary. Received a Bachelor’s Science Degree from California State University, L.A. in Business Administration. “If these volumes ease the learning process and increase your interest in the function and form of the human body, as they did for me during the 3+ years of research and writing of this 15-section Anatomy & Physiology primer, I have accomplished my purpose” – Lee Oliva
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Anatomy & Physiology Terms Greek&Latin ROOTS DECODED! Vol.5 - Lee Oliva
Anatomy & Physiology Terms
Greek&Latin ROOTS DECODED!
Volume5, Skeletal System And Muscular Sytem
Histology & Gross Anatomy Terms
Copyright 2015 Lee Oliva, D.C.
By Lee Oliva, D.C.
Distributed by Smashwords, License Notes
This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to your favorite ebook retailer and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
TABLE of CONTENTS
Message from the Author
How to Use This Book
Abbreviations
Skeletal System: Histology & Gross Anatomy Terms (combined)
--- DIRECTORY of Skeletal System: Histology and Gross Anatomy Terms
--- MORPHOLOGY: comp., and ROOT-STEMS, SUFFIX-PREFIXES
Muscular System: Histology & Gross Anatomy Terms (combined)
--- DIRECTORY of Muscular System: Histology and Gross Anatomy Terms
--- MORPHOLOGY: comp., and ROOT-STEMS, SUFFIX-PREFIXES
References
Acknowledgement
About the Author
A MESSAGE FROM THE AUTHOR
Congratulations for acquiring this study guide to Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) terminology. Mastering these terms will ease your sojourn through the academic years of your chosen health profession.
By giving you a handle on the massive number of terms, the author hopes to ease the perennial concern of Health majors about A&P: How am I going to remember all these?
This is the promise; the fulfillment is your task. Likewise, Education holds great promises, but the realization depends on your hard work.
There are two parts to each entry: 1. a brief definition of term and its metaphorical imagery, its morphology, indicated by comp.,
; 2. the Root-Stems, Prefix-Suffixes. The morphology of the terms is the compounding of the Root-Stems with other roots and Prefix-Suffixes. The Root-Stems, Prefix-Suffixes section truly DECODED!
the cryptic imagery of the roots.
You will discover the fascinating, sometimes, amusing metaphors and imagery of A&P Terminology. Seemingly commonplace terms hold the Aha!-discovery. You will appreciate how much Latin permeated the English Language in everyday usage. The stems morph into two or more different terms, introducing you to more concepts that you will eventually have to learn.
Do peruse this book for the most mundane everyday A&P term to the most esoteric. English speakers may find some of the Greek&Latin ROOTS DECODED! too ordinary and the meaning, commonplace. The reasons are twofold: first, it will enhance your understanding of the terms (Try MUSCLE; the root will amuse you.); second, these books are translated into several languages. The unique nomenclature of A&P has been agreed upon amongst countries and languages.
The books are not a rehash of Google searches. It is a distillation of sources from online etymology sites, A&P textbook, English and Latin Dictionaries. When you click on a term, you will be beamed
to an organized and concise morphology of the term.
Latin Grammar background is not required to fully gain from these guides. The reader is encouraged to scan the brief, one page, chapter HOW TO USE THIS BOOK.
If your curiosity, wonderment, and awe for Anatomy and Physiology are enhanced by this body of work, I will have fulfilled my goal.
Lee Emmanuel Oliva, D. C.
Westminster, CA
U.S.A
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
Rest assured that there is no other-worldly Latin Grammar lesson lurking anywhere in this book. It is a direct to the point guide to the morphology and etymology of the multi-syllabic A&P terms.
As in English words of Latin origins: the stems of Latin nouns and verbs are the direct derivation of the terms. In nouns, the plural form is the stem; in verbs, the past participle form. These are the key parts to recognize in the compounding of A&P terms. If this does not make sense now, be not concerned. This phenomenon is indicated in each entry. Nevertheless, this is illustrated below.
GUIDELINE 1 –
Example 1: Os (n.; plu., Osses), a bone
The plural form, Osses, is derived for OSSIFICATION, OSSICLES
Example 2: Rete (n.; plu., Retices), a net
The plural form, Retices, is derived for RETICULUM, RETICULATED
Example 3: Caput (n.; plu., Capites), a head
The plural form, Capites, is derived for CAPITATE, CAPITULUM
NOTE: The plural forms departs to almost unrelated form (Os to Osses; Rete to Retices; Caput to Capites). This is the nature of Latin noun declensions; this is not a cause for concern since plural forms are indicated in the entries as shown above.
GUIDELINE 2 – Pertains to verbs: The past participle form is the direct derivation.
Example 1: Rotare (v.; Roto, Rotare, Rotavi, Rotatum), to turn, whirl around
Rotatum (past participle form), turned around
Thus, Rotatum is derived for ROTATION, ROTATOR
Example 2: Abducere (v.; Abduco, Abducere, Abduxi, Abductum), to lead away
Abductum (past participle form), led away
Thus, Abductum is derived for ABDUCTION, ABDUCTOR.
NOTE: The past participle form usually ends in –tum (Rotatum, Abductum). The rest of the entries within the parentheses, (Abduco, Abducere, Abduxi, Abductum), are mere Latin grammar convention (for the few remaining Latin Grammarians left alive).
Recognize these patterns for nouns and verbs and the rest is self-explanatory.
GUIDELINE 3 – Adjectives and prepositional derivatives are self-evident.
ABBREVIATIONS
*Greek and Latin words are bold and Italics.
DIRECTORY of Terms - Skeletal System:
Histology & Gross Anatomy Terms
ACRO-, ACROMEGALY, ACROMIOM (PROCESS), ACROSOME, ACROSOMAL
ALA, ALAR, ALAQUE
ALVEOLUS, ALVEOLAR PROCESS
ANTE, ANTERIORIS , ANTI-
ANUS, ANAL, ANULUS, ANULUS FIBROSUS, ANULAR
APPENDIX, APPENDICULAR, APPENDICULAR SKELETAL SYSTEM
APPOSITION, APPOSITIONAL
-ARCH
ARTICULATION, ARTICULAR
ATLAS, ATLANTO-
AURICLE, AURICULARIS, AURICULAR SURFACE
AXIAL, AXIAL SKELETAL SYSTEM, AXON
BICEPS M., BICIPITAL
BIFID, BIFID SPINOUS PROCESSES., BIFIDA
BLASTS ,OSTEOBLASTS
CALCANEUS
CALCITONIN
CALLUS
CALVARIUM
CANAL, CANALICULUS
CANCELLOUS
CAPITATE, CAPITIS, CAPITULUM
CAROTID ARTERY
CARPI, CARPALIS
CARTILAGE
CAVITY
CERVIX, CERVICIS, CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, CERVICO-
CHONDRO-, CHONDROBLASTS, CHONDROCYTES
CIRCUS, CIRCLE, CIRCULAR, CIRCULATION, CIRCUMFERENTIAL
CLASTS, OSTEOCLASTS
CLAVICLE, CLAVICULAR
COCCYX, COCCYGEUS, COCCYGEAL
COLLUS, COLLI, COLLICULUS
COLUMN, VERTEBRAL COLUMN
CONCENTRIC, CONCENTRATION
CONCHA, CONCHAE
CONDYLE, CONDYLOID, CONDYLOID PROCESS, CONDYLAR, EPICONDYLE
CORACOID, CORACOID PROCESS, CORACO-
CORNU, CORNU of HYOID, CORNEA, CORNEUM, CORNIFIED, CORNICULATE
CORONAL (PLANE), CORONOID PROCESS, CORONARY A
CORTEX, CORTICAL, CORTICO-
COSTA, COSTALIS, COSTARUM, COSTO-
COXAE, OS COXAE, COXAL
CRANIUM, CRANIAL, CRANIO-
CRESTA
CRIBRIFORM
CRISTA, CRISTA GALLI
CUBOID
CUNEUS, CUNEATUS, CUNEIFORM
DELTOID M.
DENS, DENTATE, DENTICULATE, DENTIN, DENTO-, ODONTOID
DIAPHYSIS
DISC/DISK, DISCOID
ELASTIC, ELASTIN
EMINENCE
EPICONDYLE, EPICONDYLAR
EPIPHYSIS, EPIPHYSEAL
ETHMOID B., ETHMOIDAL
EXTERNUS, EXTERNAL, EXTERIOR, EXTERO- , ECTO- , EXTRA-
FACET
FEMUR, FEMORIS, FEMORAL
FIBER, FIBROSUS, ANULUS FIBROSUS, FIBRIN, FIBRIL, FIBRINOGEN, FIBRO-
FIBULA, FIBULARIS
FISSURE, -FID
FONTANEL
FORAMEN, FORAMINA
FOSSA
FOVEA, FOVEA CAPITIS
FRONTAL B.
GENESIS, GENUS
GENU, GENICULATE, GENICULAR, GENIO-/GENU-
GLABELLA
GLENOID, GLENOID FOSSA, GLENOID LABRUM, GLENO-
GLUTEUS, GLUTEAL
HAMATE B., HAMULUS
HAVERSIAN
HEME, HEMATOCRIT, HEMATOMA, HEMATOPOESIS, HEMOLYSIS,HEMATURIA, HEMARTHROSIS, HEMOGLOBIN, HEMA-/HEMO-/HEMATO-
HIATUS, HIATAL
HOMEOSTASIS
HUMERUS
HYALINE, HYALURONIC (ACID)
HYOID B., HYO-
HYPERTROPHY, HYPERTROPHIC
ILIUM, ILIACUS M., ILIO-
INCISIVE, INCISOR, INCISURA
INFERIORIS, INFERIOR, INFRA-
INFUNDIBULUM
INTERSTITIUM, INTERSTITIAL, -STITIUM
ISCHIUM, ISCHIAL, ISCHIADIC/ISCHIADIC, ISCHIO-
JUGULAR
LACRIMAL B.
LACUNA
LAMELLA, LAMELLATED, LAMELLAR
LAMINA, LAMINAR FLOW
LATA, LATAE, LATISSIMUS, LATERALIS
LINEA, LINEA ASPERA
LUMBAR, LUMBAR SPINE/VERTEBRAE, LUMBORUM, LUMBO-
LUNATE B., LUNULA
MAGNUM, MAJOR, MAXIMUS
MALACIA, OSTEOMALACIA
MALLEUS, MALLEOLUS
MANDIBLE, MANDIBULAR
MANUBRIUM, MANUBRIO-
MARROW
MASTOID, MASTOID PROCESSES
MATRIX
MAXILLA B., MAXILLARY
MEATUS, AUDITORY MEATUS
MEDIUS, MEDIAL, MEDIATOR, MEDULLA, MEDULLARY
MENTAL FORAMEN
META-, METACARPAL B., METATARSAL B.
NARES
NASUS, NASI, NASALIS, NASO-
NAVICULAR B.
NEURON, NEURONAL, NEURAL, NEURITIS, NEUROBLASTOMA, NEUROCRANIUM, -NEURIUM, NEURO-
NUCHAL LINE
NUCLEUS, NUCLEUS PULPOSUS, NUCLEOLUS, NUCLEAR, NUCLEIC, NUCLEO-
OCCIPUT, OCCIPITAL, OCCIPITO-
ODONTOID (PROCESS)
OLECRANON, OLECRANON PROCESS
OPTIC, OPSIN, OPSONIN, OPT-
ORBIT, ORBITAL, ORBICULARIS
OS, OS COXAE, OSSEUS, OSSICLES, OSSIFICATION
OSTEUM/OSTEON, OSTEOPENIA, OSTEO-
PALATE, PALATINI, PALATINE, PALATO-
PARIETAL B.
PATELLA, PATELLAR
PECTINEUS M., PECTINEAL, PECTINATE, PECTINATIM
PECTORES, PECTORALIS M., PECTORAL
PEDAL, PEDICLE, PEDUNCULATED
PELVIS, PELVIC
PERIOSTEUM
PETROUS, PETROSAL, PETROUS PORTION
PHALANX, PHALANGES, PHALANGEAL
PILLAR, ARTICULAR PILLAR
PISIFORM B.
PROCESS, PROJECTION
PROLIFERATION, PROLIFERATIVE
PROMINENCE
PROTUBERANCE
PUBIS
PULPOSUS, NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
RADIUS, RADIALIS, RADIO-
RAMUS, RAMI
SACRUM B., SACROILIAC JT., SACRO-
SCAPHOID B.
SCAPULA, SCAPULAE, SCAPULAR
SELLA, SELLA TURCICA
SINUS, SINUSOID, SINU-
SKELETON
SPHENOID B., SPHENOIDAL
SPINAE, SPINALIS, SPINOSUM, SPINATUS
SQUAMOUS, SQUAMOUS PORTION
STERNUM, STERNAL
STYLOID PROCESS, STYLO-
SUBSCAPULARIS M.
SUPER, SUPERIORIS, SUPREMUS, SUPRA-
TALUS
TARSAL B., TARSO-
TEMPORALIS B., TEMPORAL
THORACIS, THORACIC
TIBIA B., TIBIALIS
TRABECULUM, TRABECULA, TRABECULAR
TRANSVERSUS, TRANSVERSE, TRANSVERSARII
TRAPEZIUM B.
TRAPEZIUS M.
TRIQUETRIUM B.
TROCHANTER
TROCHLEA
TUBEROUS, TUBERCULUM, TUBERCLE, TUBEROSITY
ULNA B., ULNERIS
UNCINATUS, UNCINATE PROCESS
VERTEBRA, VERTEBRAE, VERTEBRAL
VERTICAL
VESTIBULE, VESTIBULATED
VISCEROCRANIUM
VOMER
XIPHOID PROCESS
ZYGOMA, ZYGOMATIC, ZYGOPOPHYSEAL, ZYGOTE, ZYGOUS
DIRECTORY
Muscular System: Histology and Gross Anatomy Terms
ABDOMINAL, ABDOMINIS
ABDUCENS, ABDUCTION, ABDUCTOR
ACETIC, ACETONE
ACETYLCHOLINE, ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
ACTIN, ACTIN MYOFILAMENTS
ACTION, ACTION POTENTIAL
ADDUCTION, ADDUCTOR
AEROBE, AEROBIC, AEROBIC RESPIRATION
AGONIST
ALA, ALAR, ALAQUE
ANAEROBE, ANAEROBIC
ANCONEUS M.
ANGULI, ANGULI ORIS
ANISOTROPIC (A-BAND)
ANTAGONIST
ANTE, ANTERIORIS, ANTI
ANUS, ANAL, ANULUS, ANULUS FIBROSUS, ANULAR
APONEUROSES
ARRYTHMIA
ARYTENOID
ATROPHY
AURICLE, AURICULARIS
AUTO-, AUTONOMOUS, AUTONOMIC
AUTORHYTHMICITY
BICEPS, BICIPITAL
BIFID, BIFIDA
BIPENNATE
BRACHIUM M., BRACHII, BRACHIALIS M., BRACHIO-
BREVIS
BUCCALIS M., BUCCINATOR M.
BULBAR, BULB, BULBO-
BULBOSPONGIOSUS
CALMODULIN